3Gmap L-systems: an application to the modelling of wood

In this paper an extension of L-systems is proposed, based on three-dimensional (3D) generalized maps that allow an easier control of the internal structure of 3D objects. A first and original application of this extension is also proposed: wood modelling by growth simulation. Numerous other applications of our work are possible, in the area of computer graphics, as well as in botanical science.     

Modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) by keV Ar deposition

Classical molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine 1 keV Ar atom bombardment on the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which induces sputtering and chemical modifications to the surface. The simulations are carried out at various surface temperatures that range from 200 to 600 K. The results indicate that different fragments of PMMA, as characterized by their mass, are preferentially sputtered from the surface at the various temperatures considered. In addition, the simulations predict that small fragments are produced by the high energy deposition process. However, larger sized fragments are generated when the surface temperature is close to the glass transition temperature of PMMA. The atomic-scale processes by which these occur are elucidated by the simulations.     

Experimental modeling of colour harmony

This study investigates colour harmony in visual experiments in order to develop a new quantitative colour harmony model. On the basis of new experimental results, colour harmony formulae were developed to predict colour harmony from the CIECAM02 hue, chroma, and lightness correlates of the members of two‐ or three‐colour combinations. In the experiments, observers were presented two‐ and three‐colour combinations displayed on a well‐characterized CRT monitor in a dark room. Colour harmony was estimated visually on an 11 category scale from ?5 (meaning completely disharmonious) to +5 (meaning completely harmonious), including 0 as the neutral colour harmony impression. From these results, mathematical models of colour harmony were developed. The visual results were also compared with classical colour harmony theories. Two supplementary experiments were also carried out: one of them tested the main principles of colour harmony with real Munsell colour chips, and another one compared the visual rating of the new models with existing colour harmony theories. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010.     

Color rendering: Beyond pride and prejudice

It is a truth, universally ignored, that a single metric of color rendering must be in want of another. Evidence presented here, together with those from an earlier study, strongly suggest that the quest for a single metric to quantify color rendering will be in vain. Rather, the strengths of color rendering index (CRI) and of gamut area index (GAI) † seem to counteract the weaknesses of one another, such that together they can be used to guide lighting practitioners in choosing a source that will provide good color rendering of most objects in most applications. The present study was conducted to determine whether sources, both warm and cool, with high levels of both CRI (above 80) and GAI (above 80 and less than 100) were judged better than ones with high levels of just CRI or just GAI. The results support the conclusion that a two‐metric system of color rendering is needed for general illumination applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010     

基于面向对象八叉树的飞机虚拟维修场景渲染

为了加速大规模虚拟场景的渲染速度,采用基于面向对象八叉树的方法对场景进行渲染。该方法将面向对象技术与传统八叉树技术相结合,采用面向对象八叉树剖分虚拟场景,对场景进行管理;将物体结构树的最小零部件作为最小存储单元,采用叶节点保存对象信息,减小树的存储量和处理时间,降低算法的计算负担;在面向对象八叉树的基础上,采用模型遮挡裁剪算法对位于视域范围内的模型进行遮挡裁剪,减小实际渲染的物体数量,提高渲染速率。通过对飞机虚拟维修场景进行渲染实验,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

二维彩色图像的蜡笔画风格实现

提出了一种基于2D图像的蜡笔画风格自动生成算法,通过分析真实蜡笔画纹理的结构特征和艺术特点,抽象出蜡笔画的简单模型,探索地利用了噪声纹理方法,结合图像自身轮廓信息,分别完成了图像色彩区域和轮廓区域的蜡笔画风格渲染,并在YIQ颜色空间运用FLIC算法生成了笔触的走势纹理,使最终产生的结果非常相似于手绘效果,从而实现了计算机辅助生成蜡笔画风格的目的。     

粒子系统模型在水彩画上的应用

粒子系统是一种可以有效模拟不规则运动的景象或现象的图形生成算法。将粒子系统的关键方法和OpenGL纹理映射技术相结合,设计了一种水彩画的模拟生成算法,利用鼠标实现用户交互。该算法利用纹理映射技术模拟颜料粒子,通过粒子的扩散作用模拟水彩画的绘制过程。实验结果表明,提出的水彩画模拟算法具有简单快速的特点,并且达到了较好的逼真度。     

(2n,r,t)_GFNSP结构一类不可能差分对的构造方法

构造不可能差分对是进行不可能差分分析的前提。该文研究了(2n,r,t)_GFNSP结构不可能差分对的构造问题,给出了该结构的一类(4n+1)轮不可能差分对的结构形式以及计算复杂度为O(n2r10)的构造算法,针对Shirai等提出的(2n,r,t)_GFNSP结构的DSM设计策略,本文给出了相应的(4n+1)轮不可能差分对的构造方法。